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{"attrs":"{\"custom-publish-status\":\"publish\",\"custom-publish-time\":\"1757754540147\",\"custom-expires\":\"123456\",\"custom-slug\":\"\"}","title":"天津职业技术师范大学","editorDom":"<div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qreff3i\" data-node-index=\"0\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">天津职业技术师范大学</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-gzrkid4\" data-node-index=\"1\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">Tianjin University of Technology and Education</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xkjro77\" data-node-index=\"2\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">毕 业 设 计</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ajig5i9\" data-node-index=\"3\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">专 业： <span data-type=\"em\">机电技术教育</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-t4y7qi7\" data-node-index=\"4\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">班级学号： <span data-type=\"em\">机电1913- 0109191305</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9gxqfy6\" data-node-index=\"5\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">学生姓名： <span data-type=\"em\">冯亚星</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ztr7ggv\" data-node-index=\"6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">指导教师： <span data-type=\"em\">屈重年 副教授</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g2ujdek\" data-node-index=\"7\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">二〇二四年六月</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qocd399\" data-node-index=\"8\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">天津职业技术师范大学本科生毕业设计</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xpf31p4\" data-node-index=\"9\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">基于单片机的太阳能自动追光系统设计</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vud1w6i\" data-node-index=\"10\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">Design of solar automatic light tracing system based on single chip microcomputer</span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-682ifi7\" data-node-index=\"11\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">专业班级：机电1913班</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hz4wyg8\" data-node-index=\"12\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">学生姓名：冯亚星</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5rqplo3\" data-node-index=\"13\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">指导教师：屈重年 副教授</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-095uoz9\" data-node-index=\"14\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">学 院：机械工程学院</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u50z2xv\" data-node-index=\"15\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2024年 6月</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s4ou2wa\" data-node-index=\"16\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">摘 要</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-03d7xma\" data-node-index=\"17\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本文提出了一种基于单片机的太阳能自动追光路灯系统设计，以提高太阳能电池板的光电转换效率，扩大太阳能在路灯照明的中的能源占比。随着能源危机和环境问题的日益严重，太阳能的高效利用成为了研究的热点。本文首先分析了太阳能资源的重要性和国内外太阳能道路照明控制系统的研究现状，指出了提高太阳能利用率的必要性。针对现有太阳能路灯系统效率受限于太阳位置固定性的问题，本文设计了一种能够自动追踪太阳位置变化的路灯系统。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-usf1we2\" data-node-index=\"18\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本系统主要由三部分组成太阳能追光系统、蓄电池管理系统、路灯照明系统。太阳能追光系统利用光敏电阻作为传感器，通过STM32F103C6T单片机处理传感器数据，控制两个舵机旋转云台调整太阳能电池板的角度，实现对太阳的位置追踪。蓄电池管理部分采用阶段充电法，以延长蓄电池的使用寿命并确保系统稳定运行。路灯照明部分选择了LED作为光源，并通过编写控制程序实现了白天夜间的自动启闭。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b9mocow\" data-node-index=\"19\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在硬件设计方面，本文详细介绍了处理器模块、传感器模块、旋转云台设计等关键组件的选择和设计。软件设计方面，阐述了系统控制策略、开发工具的使用，以及程序代码的编写和使用Proteus软件进行仿真测试。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-afuc534\" data-node-index=\"20\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">最后，论文对研究进行了总结，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望，指出了系统在结构设计、极端天气应对以及规模化应用方面的改进空间。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vryi2bn\" data-node-index=\"21\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">关键词：太阳能自动追光；单片机；路灯系统；光电转换效率；硬件设计；软件设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-770m96y\" data-node-index=\"22\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">ABSTRACT</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-tf0awzz\" data-node-index=\"23\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">In this paper, a microcontroller-based solar automatic light chasing street lamp system design is proposed to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar panels and the energy utilization of street lamp lighting. With the energy crisis and environmental problems becoming more and more serious, the efficient utilization of solar energy as a clean and renewable energy source has become a hot spot of research. This paper firstly analyzes the importance of solar energy resources and the current research status of solar road lighting control systems at home and abroad, and points out the necessity of improving solar energy utilization. Aiming at the problem that the efficiency of the existing solar street light system is limited by the fixity of the sun's position, this paper designs a street light system that can automatically track the change of the sun's position.</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nbp7rcg\" data-node-index=\"24\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">The system is mainly composed of three parts: solar light chasing system, battery management, and street light illumination. The solar light chasing system utilizes the photosensitive resistor as the sensor, processes the sensor data through the STM32F103C6T microcontroller, and controls the dual-motor rotary head to adjust the angle of the solar panel to achieve real-time tracking of the sun. The battery management part adopts the stage charging method to extend the service life of the battery and ensure the stable operation of the system. The street lamp lighting part chooses LED as the light source, and realizes the automatic opening and closing during the day and night by writing the control program.</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u60htpf\" data-node-index=\"25\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">In terms of hardware design, this paper describes in detail the selection and design of key components such as the processor module, sensor module, and rotary head design. In terms of software design, the system control strategy, the use of development tools, as well as the writing of program code and simulation testing are described. The feasibility and validity of the system design are verified by circuit construction and simulation test through Proteus software.</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1osdbez\" data-node-index=\"26\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Finally, the paper summarizes the research and looks forward to future research directions, pointing out the room for improvement of the system in terms of structural design, extreme weather response, and large-scale application.</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8lhcjh1\" data-node-index=\"27\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"strong\">Keywords:</span> solar automatic light chasing; microcontroller; street light system; photoelectric conversion efficiency; hardware design; software design.</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pee6f6o\" data-node-index=\"28\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">目 录</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2bodtdo\" data-node-index=\"29\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">绪论 11.1 研究背景及意义 1</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k0llror\" data-node-index=\"30\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.2 国内外道路照明研究现状 2</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-easz18l\" data-node-index=\"31\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.2.1. 国外道路照明控制系统研究现状 2</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-tr9q11n\" data-node-index=\"32\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.2.2. 国内道路照明研究现状 2</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5pjkar6\" data-node-index=\"33\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.3 太阳能自动追光系统的国内外研究现状 3</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-48dreo0\" data-node-index=\"34\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.3.1. 太阳能自动追光系统国外研究现状 3</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y2rwl6h\" data-node-index=\"35\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.3.2. 太阳能自动追光系统国内研究现状 3</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-sqvkuf7\" data-node-index=\"36\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.4 目前太阳能道路照明控制系统存在的主要问题 4</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xzjk0ox\" data-node-index=\"37\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.5 主要研究内容 5</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-t4j383t\" data-node-index=\"38\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1.6 主要研究内容安排 6</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-o9oeuk2\" data-node-index=\"39\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光路灯系统设计概述 72.1 太阳能追光系统相关原理介绍 7</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e92if2c\" data-node-index=\"40\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.1. 太阳能电池发电原理 7</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rlf7nm2\" data-node-index=\"41\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.2. 太阳能电池发电最大功率点算法研究 8</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-phwvwz3\" data-node-index=\"42\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.3. 太阳能辐射量对太阳能电池发电效率的影响 9</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jleby1k\" data-node-index=\"43\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.4. 太阳能追光系统的安装方式 10</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mjorjl9\" data-node-index=\"44\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.5. 太阳能追光系统的跟踪方案 11</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rtjscd3\" data-node-index=\"45\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.1.6. 太阳能追光系统设计方案 12</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b623bhk\" data-node-index=\"46\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.2 蓄电池管理部分 12</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-041ws1h\" data-node-index=\"47\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.2.1. 恒流充电 13</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4lvszmk\" data-node-index=\"48\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.2.2. 恒压充电 13</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dfdoa5b\" data-node-index=\"49\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.2.3. 阶段充电 14</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oe1v6r1\" data-node-index=\"50\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.3 路灯照明 14</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7ljzfoc\" data-node-index=\"51\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.3.1. 路灯的选择 14</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8j7lk5d\" data-node-index=\"52\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.4 本章小结 15</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7k7fii4\" data-node-index=\"53\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统硬件设计 163.1 处理器模块 16</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-csdbw6a\" data-node-index=\"54\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.1.1. 处理器的选取 16</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2ywuxcc\" data-node-index=\"55\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.1.2. STM32最小系统 16</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jdb241m\" data-node-index=\"56\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.1.3. 电源电路 17</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-09250sc\" data-node-index=\"57\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.1.4. 系统GPIO接口分配 17</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jhmtrem\" data-node-index=\"58\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.2 传感器模块 18</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ycog3rg\" data-node-index=\"59\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.2.1. 传感器元件选取 18</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7n7kkj4\" data-node-index=\"60\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.2.2. 传感器模块安装位置 19</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-uexe0c5\" data-node-index=\"61\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.2.3. 传感器模块电路设计 20</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q5ngg23\" data-node-index=\"62\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.3 旋转云台设计 20</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-f8zh32v\" data-node-index=\"63\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.3.1. 控制云台电机的选取 20</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4gki1ce\" data-node-index=\"64\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.4 旋转云台设计 21</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2cegv2f\" data-node-index=\"65\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.5 显示模块 21</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4ny8s8u\" data-node-index=\"66\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.6 时钟模块 22</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-h7uslav\" data-node-index=\"67\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.7 模式切换及手动控制电路 22</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-p0mhoc2\" data-node-index=\"68\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.8 本章小结 23</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g71h7oi\" data-node-index=\"69\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光路灯系统软件设计及其仿真 263.9 系统软件总体设计 26</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cg8adfu\" data-node-index=\"70\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.10 开发软件介绍 27</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ojn1mo1\" data-node-index=\"71\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.10.1. STM32CubeMX介绍 27</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a6bv0m6\" data-node-index=\"72\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.10.2. Keil uVision 5介绍 28</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-889ib47\" data-node-index=\"73\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.10.3. Proteus介绍 28</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oppjvz6\" data-node-index=\"74\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.10.4. 软件开发流程介绍 29</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4xtzb7u\" data-node-index=\"75\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.11 程序代码 29</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g6svfjc\" data-node-index=\"76\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.11.1. 主函数程序 29</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-r2q7p7f\" data-node-index=\"77\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.11.2. 数据采集函数 30</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s8xdtl3\" data-node-index=\"78\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.11.3. 追光函数 31</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-uxuv2yt\" data-node-index=\"79\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.11.4. 按键赋值函数 33</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7v4ytyh\" data-node-index=\"80\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.12 太阳能自动追光系统的仿真、调试 34</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ehba6c0\" data-node-index=\"81\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.13 本章小结 36</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b22unq7\" data-node-index=\"82\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">总结与展望 38参考文献 39致 谢 41</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-d6u8rem\" data-node-index=\"83\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qj6e8s4\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-biufdd6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">绪论</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"2.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8zmtsk5\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">2.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jy0wy52\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">研究背景及意义</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9mzfgxq\" data-node-index=\"84\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在现代社会中，能源问题一直是人类发展的重要问题，随着煤炭、石油和天然气等不可再生资源的持续消耗，现有的石油和天然气资源预计分别只能开采40年和70年，煤炭的开采期限大约还有200年^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>1<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，传统能源的枯竭和环境污染问题日益严重。据国际能源署（IEA）最新统计，全球能源需求每年增长约1.5%，</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-l8uf3ru\" data-node-index=\"85\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">我国作为世界最大的能源消费国之一，能源压力尤为显著，中国的经济可开发能源资源总量约占世界的10.1%，其中煤炭、水资源、石油和天然气的可开采比例分别为58.8%、36.5%、3.4%和1.3%。中国的能源剩余可开发总量预计能支持经济发展约127.9年。同时，由于人口众多，人均资源占有率严重不足，人均能源仅为世界平均的51%。中国自1993年起已成为石油净进口国，到2020年，天然气的进口量可能超过25%，化石燃料资源的有限性已成为制约经济可持续发展的主要瓶颈，寻找清洁、可再生的能源成为各国政府和科研机构的重要目标。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ntbmos2\" data-node-index=\"86\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能因其储量丰富、清洁环保、地理分布广泛等优势，正成为全球能源结构转型和推动可持续发展的关键力量，其潜力巨大，有望满足全球电力需求，同时对环境保护和经济发展具有深远的战略意义^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>2<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，且从长远来看，太阳能发电的成本会越来越低。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1j1vabm\" data-node-index=\"87\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能的利用主要通过光伏发电和光热利用两种形式，其中光伏发电在资源丰富的西部地区如西藏、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃和青海等地区得到广泛应用，已经建设了大量光伏发电站并实现并网供电。这些光伏发电设备在通讯、照明和交通设施等领域发挥着作用，为提高电力供应稳定性和推动能源结构转型做出了积极贡献。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jxffx10\" data-node-index=\"88\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">随着我国道路网络的持续扩展，道路照明的能源消耗也在逐年增加，太阳能的利用已经成为道路照明能源发展的核心趋势，太阳能路灯市场规模在2022年达到数十亿元人民币，全球市场规模达到276.39亿元人民币，预计全球太阳能路灯市场将以13.73%的复合年增长率增长，到2028年市场总规模将达到588.02亿元人民币。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-39gva6g\" data-node-index=\"89\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能道路照明系统与传统照明设备相比，具有显著的经济、节能和环保优势。随着光伏发电技术的成熟和广泛应用，其利用了光伏电池的光伏效应原理，白天，光伏电池将电能存入蓄电池中；晚上，蓄电池为太阳能路灯提供电能^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>3<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fh86ngt\" data-node-index=\"90\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在中国，太阳能资源的分布并不是均匀分布的，高海拔地区接收到更多的太阳能，整体呈现出西高东低、北高南低的趋势。光照时间短的冬季，能量供应可能不足。特别是在连续阴雨天气下，光伏电池吸收的太阳能减少，发电效率降低。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9wdzxg9\" data-node-index=\"91\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在太阳能的利用过程中，如何提高光电转换效率成为关键问题，找到一种提高光照辐射总量的方法，通过跟踪太阳位置，提高太阳能电池板的光照接收效率，提高太阳能能源的利用效率，在满足路灯照明要求的情况下，尽可能多的使用清洁能源，优化能源结构。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yrg0c82\" data-node-index=\"92\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">针对以上情况，本文的基于单片机的太阳能自动追光系统路灯系统就是在此基础上提供一个可行性方案，为未来智慧城市建设和可持续发展提供技术支持。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ovqhuq5\" data-node-index=\"93\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"3.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ujozc8p\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">3.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lbfjj3j\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国内外道路照明研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"4.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jyrsywv\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">4.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-o7qt8xg\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国外道路照明控制系统研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ekejzol\" data-node-index=\"94\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">日本：在1990年前后，日本的市区道路照明和高速公路照明技术处于世界领先地位。尽管在建筑照明方面起初稍显落后，但经过20多年的发展，特别是在古建筑照明上取得了显著进步，加强了与居民生活密切相关的照明技术，如住宅区、公园广场等^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>4<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。商业区照明逐渐向合理科学的绿色照明转型，不再单纯追求高亮度，而是注重节能问题。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hq4d6d8\" data-node-index=\"95\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">美国：早在1906年，美国成立了北美照明工程协会（I.E.S）和美国国家照明技术委员会，这些机构负责制定和完善照明技术的标准和术语，提出照明节能措施，并推广照明知识。美国还建立了照明实验室，利用计算机技术进行照明设计和节能研究，采用完善的设备系统和高光效光源，以实现节能。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-edls2zy\" data-node-index=\"96\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在道路照明检测技术方面，国外起步较早，如西班牙、日本和奥地利的研究小组分别在2002年、2005年和2006年提出了利用数码相机进行亮度标定的研究成果。目前，国外主要采用机动车搭载检测设备进行移动式照明数据测量，如意大利国家电子技术研究院（IEN）和美国研究小组开发的车载移动式亮度、照度测量装置。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-io8pn7x\" data-node-index=\"97\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"5.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-3nqwn9u\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">5.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-gteu132\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国内道路照明研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-m7dlopj\" data-node-index=\"98\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">从新中国成立到20世纪80年代初，中国城市照明主要依赖于主要集中在大城市的主要街道，并且只在夜间偶尔用于装饰。在这一时期，中国自主的气体放电高压钠灯尚处于试验阶段。民用光源经历了从白炽灯到汞灯的转变，而道路照明普遍采用汞灯，整体照明效果和效率相对较低。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a287rrd\" data-node-index=\"99\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">进入21世纪后，中国城市照明在规划和建设方面取得了巨大进步，尤其在最近十几年里，城市道路照明实现了显著的技术突破。不仅保障了行车安全，提升了道路照明质量，美化了城市环境，显著提高了人民的生活水平。现代照明系统广泛采用高压钠灯、陶瓷金卤灯和LED灯等高效光源，极大地增强了道路照明效果。同时，照明设施也得到了升级，如电缆线从地上转为地下铺设，灯杆材料从混凝土升级为更耐用的钢材，照明灯具设计也更加美观且配光更符合照明要求，全面提升了城市照明的整体性能和美观度。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-37v3lfu\" data-node-index=\"100\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">经济的繁荣发展极大加快城市化进程。在短短二十多年间，在满足照明质量的前提下，人们开始关注环境和能源问题。在此背景下，道路照明规划中， "绿色照明"概念应运而生^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>5<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。强调在城市照明中采用环保、节能的技术和产品，以减少对环境的影响并提高能源效率，指引着照明行业的发展方向。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4xcdowb\" data-node-index=\"101\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"6.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dvtvlfx\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">6.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fvrkx1r\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光系统的国内外研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"7.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xg0m33t\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">7.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-08a0ysl\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光系统国外研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-65pfdxv\" data-node-index=\"102\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国外太阳能自动追光系统的研究和应用表现出了显著的创新和进步。自1997年Black提出单轴自动追光系统，实现了东西方向的自动跟踪和南北方向的手动控制，提高了18%的热接收率^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>6<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，这一技术领域便开始了快速的发展。紧接着在1998年，美国加利福尼亚推出的双轴自动跟踪器，通过涅耳透镜的创新应用，进一步提升了系统的热接收效率。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2vc3eh4\" data-node-index=\"103\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">进入21世纪，Joe LH.Godman等研究人员成功设计出太阳能方位跟踪系统，进一步提高了系统的光照接受率和利用率。2006年，西班牙能源公司安迅能建立的太阳能发电站，通过实验证明自动追光太阳能电池板比固定式太阳能电池板在光电转换效率上提高了35%，这一成果在实际应用中验证了自动追光技术的巨大潜力。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cgpq3nc\" data-node-index=\"104\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2015年，Fevzi Kentli等人提出的基于光敏电阻的双轴自动追光系统，通过自动调整太阳能电池板的位置，优化了能量收集效率。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fgevy5q\" data-node-index=\"105\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">目前，美洲已成为全球最大的光伏跟踪器应用市场，占全球需求的50%以上^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>7<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，显示了自动追光系统在全球范围内的广泛应用和市场对这项技术的高度认可^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>8<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-awr67qz\" data-node-index=\"106\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"8.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5yfog9k\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">8.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hotie2n\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光系统国内研究现状</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8h1tctg\" data-node-index=\"107\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国内在太阳能自动追光技术领域的发展虽然起步较晚，但整体进步迅速，技术日趋成熟。1993年，中科院的王志锋研究员开发了基于单轴跟踪技术的太阳能自动跟踪装置，实现东西方向的自动光照跟踪，用于集热和发电。同年，张迎胜在乌鲁木齐科技研究所也发明了类似的自动跟踪装置。2013年，张翠云等人设计了结合双轴跟踪和视日轨迹跟踪的自动跟踪系统，通过PLC控制电机驱动光伏组件，实现更精确的太阳能自动跟踪。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-afxiq3h\" data-node-index=\"108\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2016年，华北水利水电大学的邱阳提出了一种结合光电追踪和时控追踪的自动追光系统，设计了连杆式推拉臂机构，以较小力矩调节太阳能电池板的高度角和方位角，进一步提高了光电转换效率^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>9<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。2017年，郑州大学的周艳丽提出了基于单片机的太阳能电池板自动追光系统，通过计算太阳的高度角和方位角，发送电脉冲信号给驱动器，驱动步进电机调节太阳能电池板位置，实验结果显示光电转换效率比固定式电池板提高了33.5%。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kwvoh4k\" data-node-index=\"109\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2018年，广西大学的李军提出了无追踪太阳能光纤导光系统，具有较大的容差度，能在非实时追踪条件下稳定输出，有效避免了实时追踪系统中运动部件的损坏问题。2019年，孙毅飞等人提出了灰度匹配摄像头的太阳能电池板自动追光系统，通过闭环控制减小追光角度误差，实现精确追踪^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>10<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。到了2020年，张屹等人提出了基于GPS定位的太阳能板自动追光系统设计，利用GPS获取地理位置信息，通过单片机计算太阳角度，并采用间歇跟踪法和电脉冲信号控制步进电机进行追踪，尽管存在长时间工作可能积累误差的问题。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-n0eyfko\" data-node-index=\"110\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">国内在太阳能自动追光技术方面取得了一系列创新成果，从单轴到双轴跟踪，从视日轨迹到光电追踪，再到结合GPS定位的系统，不断提升追踪精度和光电转换效率，。随着技术的不断成熟和成本效益的提高，预计太阳能自动追光系统将在国内得到更广泛的应用。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-855mdci\" data-node-index=\"111\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"9.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yzsojqk\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">9.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-flt7all\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">目前太阳能道路照明控制系统存在的主要问题</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8h5ajtb\" data-node-index=\"112\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image1-20250913154614-3gmqrlv.jpeg\" data-src=\"assets/image1-20250913154614-3gmqrlv.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"街道上有太阳 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>目前我国在道路照明在利用太阳能的方面主要是采取固定式安装，如图1-1 所示，也称为最佳倾角固定式，这种安装方式会比较大的影响效率，是指太阳能电池板安装后固定在一个最佳倾角上，以最大化全年的发电量,不随太阳位置变化而调整^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>11<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ejnfmoz\" data-node-index=\"113\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7cznwlk\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5dnd3mz\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">固定式路灯照明示意图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pbu7677\" data-node-index=\"114\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">这种方式安装简单，成本较低，但在低纬度地区，最佳倾角较小，发电量提高很少。而在高纬度地区，季节的变化会极大地影响太阳高度角，由于无法保持时刻正对太阳，固定式安装的发电量可能不如跟踪式安装<span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image2-20250913154614-xlym20q.png\" data-src=\"assets/image2-20250913154614-xlym20q.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图表, 条形图 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4nk9hok\" data-node-index=\"115\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"2.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ly5eazf\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">2.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y2qoiwy\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">不同安装方式效率对比</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u6q6gkt\" data-node-index=\"116\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">相比之下，跟踪式安装（包括单轴和双轴跟踪式）能够根据太阳的位置变化动态调整电池板的角度，以保持与太阳光线的最佳接收角度。尤其是双轴跟踪式安装，能够同时调整在方位轴和俯仰轴，从而更准确地追踪太阳，提高发电量。如图1-2 所示，双轴跟踪系统可以显著提高太阳能电池板的发电效率，增加的发电量可以达到30%-40%^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>12<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，为了尽可能提高太阳能在我国道路照明方面的能源供应商占比，本课题考虑在原有道路照明的基础上增加太阳能追光系统，提高太阳能利用效率。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mkvpgo1\" data-node-index=\"117\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"10.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0145yrq\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">10.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ye3yr3j\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">主要研究内容</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2sf12dg\" data-node-index=\"118\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本课题主要研究设计一款基于单片机的太阳能自动追光路灯系统，以提升太阳能的能源转换效率。通过研究分析太阳能资源的重要程度引出为什么要提高太阳能利用率，介绍太阳能自动追光技术的理论基础，包括光伏发电原理和最大功率点跟踪算法（MPPT），为系统设计提供科学依据。通过对国内外在太阳能道路照明控制系统和自动追光系统方面的研究现状的全面梳理，明确了改进方向。在硬件设计方面，论文详细介绍了处理器模块、传感器模块、旋转云台设计等关键组件的选择和设计，保证系统的稳定运行和高效处理能力。软件设计部分，阐述了系统控制策略，利用STM32CubeMX、Keil uVision和Proteus等开发工具进行程序代码的编写、仿真测试和系统调试，验证了设计的有效性。最后，论文总结了研究过程中遇到的问题，并对未来的研究方向和系统改进提出了建议。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-d8n1zlt\" data-node-index=\"119\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"11.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lopd3ju\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">11.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oqs56hd\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">主要研究内容安排</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-j6iyayd\" data-node-index=\"120\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">第1章，在本文的第一章中，我们深入阐述了本研究的背景和意义。介绍了太阳能路灯的发展历程，从最初的概念到如今的实际应用，太阳能路灯在节能环保方面的重要性逐渐凸显。此外，我们还介绍了自动追光技术在太阳能路灯中的研究发展情况，探讨了自动追光技术对太阳能路灯性能提升的潜力和优势。通过对这些内容的介绍，我们为后续章节的研究奠定了坚实的理论基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-r3rqhjw\" data-node-index=\"121\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">第2章，第二章主要聚焦于太阳能自动追光路灯系统的设计。明确了系统设计的目标，并详细介绍了太阳能自动追光路灯系统所涉及的相关原理。在系统设计过程中，我们根据实际需求和设计目标选择了适合的安装方式和自动跟踪方式，确保系统能够有效地实现自动追光功能。为后续的硬件设计和软件设计提供了重要的指导和基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z5aax7z\" data-node-index=\"122\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">第3章，第三章介绍了太阳能自动追光路灯系统的硬件设计。我们对太阳能追光系统的硬件进行了详细的选型和设计工作，确保系统硬件能够稳定可靠地支持自动追光功能的实现。通过精心的硬件设计，为系统的后续软件设计和功能实现奠定了坚实的基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y5l74at\" data-node-index=\"123\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">第4章，第四章重点关注太阳能自动追光路灯系统的软件设计。详细描述了太阳能追光系统的软件功能实现和仿真过程，确保系统软件能够准确高效地支持自动追光功能的实现。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1wd03jj\" data-node-index=\"124\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">第5章，最后一章对太阳能自动追光路灯系统的研究进行了全面的总结和归纳。我们回顾了研究过程中取得的成果和经验教训，指出了研究中未深入探究的方面，并提出了进一步的设想和改进方向。同时，我们对未来太阳能自动追光路灯系统研究的发展方向进行了展望，为相关领域的研究者提供了启示和借鉴。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-86ga08k\" data-node-index=\"125\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"12.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-p3sa62s\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">12.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-io1ydjd\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光路灯系统设计概述</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2nxtdko\" data-node-index=\"126\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本文设计的太阳能自动追光路灯系统是通过提高太阳能能源利用率来提高太阳能在道路照明应用中能源占比的新型系统，它的主要部分是太阳能追光系统、以及蓄电池管理系统和路灯照明系统。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8i85gdl\" data-node-index=\"127\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统的设计目的是通过研究太阳能发电，充电，追踪原理，为整体系统设计提供理论依据，研究如何使太阳能电池板能够跟踪太阳的运动轨迹，确保太阳光线垂直照射在太阳能电池板上，以保持太阳能转换功率处于最大值状态，从而利用太阳能作为路灯照明的能源，从而节省电力资源并降低环境污染。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-veerzyo\" data-node-index=\"128\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">蓄电池管理系统的设计目的是通过研究蓄电池的充电方法，监控和控制电池的充放电过程，延长系统整体的使用寿命。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-m2i9frm\" data-node-index=\"129\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">路灯照明系统的设计目的是通过研究路灯类型，在满足照明要求的情况下，选取尽可能节能的路灯类型，并介绍其原理为其驱动照明提供理论依据。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fwhl2s6\" data-node-index=\"130\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"13.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fwo0ece\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">13.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bwhqomj\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统相关原理介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"14.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vseev8h\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">14.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-p95tgbc\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能电池发电原理</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ql21nsr\" data-node-index=\"131\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image3-20250913154614-ew53ssn.png\" data-src=\"assets/image3-20250913154614-ew53ssn.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图示 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>太阳能电池发电原理基于光伏效应，当太阳光照射到半导体材料（如硅）制成的太阳能电池上时，光子能量激发电子从价带跃迁到导带，产生电子-空穴对。在电池内部形成的PN结处，由于内建电场的作用，电子和空穴被分离，电子在N型区聚集，空穴在P型区聚集，从而在电池两端产生电压和电流。太阳能电池通常需要与外部电路连接，并通过最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和逆变器将直流电转换为交流电，以系统供使用。系统效率取由多种因素决定，包括材料质量、电池设计和光照条件。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-52vgpuu\" data-node-index=\"132\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"15.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-m2vpc8f\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">15.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-31yczjm\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能电池发电最大功率点算法研究</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2jocut7\" data-node-index=\"133\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能电池板输出的电压和电流是非线性的，由于光照强度或者温度的不同，太阳能电池板的输出特性曲线也将不断的发生变化^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>13<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，它的最大功率点也将发生改变，为使太阳能电池始终处于最大功率点，优化输出功率，需要不断调整太阳能版的最大功率点，使得太阳能电池板无论工作在什么状态下，都能确保太阳能电池板以最高效率工作，这就是太阳能充电中的最大功率点跟踪算法MPPT算法。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lngsdln\" data-node-index=\"134\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">随着相关技术的不断发展，出现了许多MPPT算法，其各有优势和局限性，需要根具体的应用场景、成本、系统复杂度和性能要求进行选择。以下针对比较常用的MPPT算法进行介绍。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7wm5bsv\" data-node-index=\"135\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zatvb75\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xswesmc\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电导增量法:</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7lyuq0k\" data-node-index=\"136\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电导增量法是一种高效的,用于太阳能光伏系统最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的算法。它基于光伏电池的伏安特性曲线，通过不断调整光伏阵列的工作点，使其电导增量为零，以确保系统在不断变化的环境条件下运行在最大功率点。电导增量法主要包括两个步骤：电导计算和工作点调整。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-74oewti\" data-node-index=\"137\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在光伏电池的伏安特性曲线中，电导可以通过斜率来表示。斜率越大，表示光伏电池的电导越大，输出功率也就越大。因此，电导计算的目标就是找到当前工作点的电导。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fuo10vp\" data-node-index=\"138\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电导增量法的核心思想是利用一阶导数求极值的方法。它是根据光伏电池阵列P-U曲线为一条一阶连续可导的单峰曲线，通过比较电导增量和瞬时电导，来增加或减少电压，直至达到最大功率点 (MPP)。一旦达到 MPP，电压将保持不变，这一点与扰动观察法 (P&O) 算法不同, 电导增量法的优势在于其快速的响应速度和准确的控制能力，能够迅速适应光照强度的变化，可以有效避免在最大功率点附近的来回振荡。然而，该方法存在一些局限性，其对计算能力的要求较高，以及对电压和电流传感器精度的依赖。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wtxqr3o\" data-node-index=\"139\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"2.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dbjsd80\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">2.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-t229p0v\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">扰动观察法</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-gsu9se5\" data-node-index=\"140\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">扰动观察法（Perturb and Observe, P&O）是一种简单而有效的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）算法，广泛应用于太阳能光伏系统。该算法通过在操作周期内在光伏阵列的工作电压或电流上施加小扰动，并监测这些扰动对输出功率的影响来工作^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>14<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。如果扰动导致功率增加，算法将继续在相同方向上进行扰动；如果功率减少，则改变扰动方向。这个过程不断迭代，直到系统输出功率不再显著增加，此时可以认为系统已经接近或达到最大功率点。扰动观察法易于实现，不需要复杂的数学模型或光伏阵列的详细参数，能够适应光照强度和环境温度的变化。但是，该算法在光照条件稳定时可能会在最大功率点附近发生振荡，因此需要精心选择扰动步长，以平衡快速收敛和系统稳定性。存在多种改进的P&O算法版本，通过改进步长策略或结合其他MPPT算法，可以提高其性能。总的来说，扰动观察法因其实现简单、成本效益高和良好的适应性，成为太阳能光伏系统中广泛采用的MPPT解决方案。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s6yvwf9\" data-node-index=\"141\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"16.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xphh266\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">16.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6alrmh9\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能辐射量对太阳能电池发电效率的影响</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y0rauug\" data-node-index=\"142\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能电池的发电效率受多种因素影响，其中太阳能辐射量是最关键的外部因素之一。太阳能辐射量指的是到达地球表面单位面积上的太阳辐射能量，包括直接辐射、散射辐射和反射辐射。当辐射量增加时，太阳能电池接收到的光子数量也随之增加，导致更多的电子在半导体材料中被激发，产生更多的电流，从而提高电池的输出功率。相反，当辐射量减少，如阴天或夜间，太阳能电池的发电量也会相应减少。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5epuey3\" data-node-index=\"143\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能辐射量由太阳辐射强度（也称为太阳辐照度）和日照时数共同决定，是一个地区在一定时间内接收到的总太阳能量，通常收到四个方面的影响</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-p2fr8tr\" data-node-index=\"144\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（1）太阳高度角：指太阳在天空中的高度，与地理位置的纬度有关。在赤道附近，太阳高度角较大，阳辐射量也较多。随着纬度的增加，太阳高度角减小，接收到的辐射量相应减少^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>15<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-awhqwfi\" data-node-index=\"145\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">(2)地势越高，大气层越薄，大气对太阳辐射的削弱作用越小，因此高山地区接收到的太阳辐射量通常比低地多^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>16<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-61bpe5f\" data-node-index=\"146\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">(3)云层和空气中的颗粒物可以吸收和散射太阳辐射，减少到达地面的辐射量。晴朗的天气条件下，云层较少，大气中的颗粒物也较少，因此地面接收到的太阳辐射量较多。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-gyw1dcn\" data-node-index=\"147\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image4-20250913154614-jaiwyzw.png\" data-src=\"assets/image4-20250913154614-jaiwyzw.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>（4）季节变化,由于地球的倾斜角度，不同季节太阳的高度角和日照时数会有所变化。夏季，太阳高度角大，日照时间长，因此太阳能辐射总量最大。冬季则相反，太阳高度角小，日照时间短，太阳能辐射总量最小。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ruvsrwi\" data-node-index=\"148\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-whlcm6w\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z5bjlgf\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电压-电流/电压-功率特性曲线</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1i4uem5\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在标准测试条件下（STC），日照强度设定为1000 W/m²，温度设定为25℃，光谱分布设定为1.5 AM（大气质量），其电压-电流/电压-功率特性曲线如图2-1 所示</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-43ij9s3\" data-node-index=\"149\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">此时光伏电池的输出峰值功率记为Pm。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yan6u14\" data-node-index=\"150\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">输出峰值功率Pm可以通过以下公式计算：</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6qid294\" data-node-index=\"151\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">𝑃𝑚=𝑉𝑚×𝐼𝑚Pm=Vm×Im</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ohf0cen\" data-node-index=\"152\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">其中，Vm是光伏电池在最大输出功率点的电压，Im是相应的电流。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b4acr1f\" data-node-index=\"153\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">由此可知,当日照强度增加时，光伏电池接能收到更多的光子，产生更多的电子-空穴对，从而输出电流增大，输出功率也随之增大。为了最大化太阳能电池的输出功率，需要考虑进行日照强度的优化的控制。如设计太阳能自动跟踪系统等。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g895kb7\" data-node-index=\"154\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"17.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wm314l9\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">17.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k5vl4q6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统的安装方式</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bb4up3n\" data-node-index=\"155\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">目前，太阳能自动追光系统的跟踪式安装方式主要包括双轴追踪式、单轴追踪式和固定式，其中双轴追踪式发电效率最高，单轴追踪式次之，固定式效率最低。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-13kfpq7\" data-node-index=\"156\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">单轴追踪系统如图2-3 所示，根据旋转轴的配置，可细分为水平单轴、倾斜单轴和垂直单轴三种类型。这种系统仅支持单方向移动，通过单一转动轴的调整来优化光伏电池板的接收角度。尽管在正午时分太阳光能够垂直照射电池板，但在日升日落时，由于电池板与太阳之间的角度偏差增大，单轴系统无法实现最大效率的太阳辐射捕获，但由于其结构简单、成本低廉，对于跟踪精度要求不高的应用场景，但其装置设计简单，造价低廉，对跟踪精度要求不高的领域依然得到了广泛推广。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b6tpzfs\" data-node-index=\"157\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image5-20250913154614-5gdx4s5.png\" data-src=\"assets/image5-20250913154614-5gdx4s5.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image6-20250913154614-w2679kk.jpeg\" data-src=\"assets/image6-20250913154614-w2679kk.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wn47i2w\" data-node-index=\"158\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ifdrnjx\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cht3hvj\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">单轴安装设备</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z09lwgy\" data-node-index=\"159\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">双轴跟踪式安装如图2-3 所示，是指太阳能光伏板系统通过两个独立的轴来实现对太阳的追踪。这两个轴分别是水平轴（东西方向）和垂直轴（南北方向），即双轴式是在单轴式的基础上，增加了一个方位角跟踪轴，能实现二维空间上对太阳的全方位跟踪。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1y0ru64\" data-node-index=\"160\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"2.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-evsh5u4\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">2.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-w6kibtc\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image7-20250913154614-cn6ttoq.jpeg\" data-src=\"assets/image7-20250913154614-cn6ttoq.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"蓝色的天空 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>双轴安装设备</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-euexrq6\" data-node-index=\"161\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">双轴跟踪系统由两个独立的电机驱动的转动轴构成，包括一个垂直于地面的方位轴和一个水平的俯仰轴。方位轴负责调整太阳能电池板的方位角，而俯仰轴则控制电池板的高度角，以适应太阳在天空中的不同位置。系统内的处理单元会分析太阳位置的变化，并向电机发送控制信号，驱动两个轴向太阳方向旋转，从而优化电池板的日照角度，提升光伏发电效率。其具有高控制精度和操作简便的机械装置，且适用于所有纬度地区。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8lhpb2o\" data-node-index=\"162\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"18.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ksh0pg9\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">18.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xlz3814\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统的跟踪方案</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e3br1s6\" data-node-index=\"163\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光系统中，精确且迅速地定位太阳位置对于提升能量捕获效率至关重要。采用的跟踪技术决定了系统的追踪准确性，影响着其响应太阳位置变化的速度。目前，主要采用的追踪方法是基于光电传感器的光电跟踪和依据太阳运动轨迹的视日运动轨迹跟踪。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7wedq3h\" data-node-index=\"164\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（1）视日运动轨迹跟踪。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kdu1v1g\" data-node-index=\"165\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">视日运动轨迹跟踪是一种主动式追踪技术，其利用天文算法来精确跟踪太阳相对于地球的运动轨迹。使用视日运动轨迹跟踪首先需要获取观测点的地理坐标和时间等关键天文参数，然后通过微处理器应用球面三角学公式对这些参数进行计算和分析。计算结果用于确定太阳在任意给定时间点的相对位置，并以确定太阳在任意给定时间点的相对位置，通过电子控制电路驱动机械执行机构调整角度，实现对太阳的精确追踪。该方法定位精度较高，不受天气情况影响，能够在多云、阴天等光照不良情况下进行跟踪^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>18<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。但需要较为复杂的计算过程，增加了许多的控制系统开发成本，且对安装和系统设计有较高的要求，是其在实际应用中受到限制的重要因素。这些因素限制了视日运动轨迹跟踪技术在实际应用中的广泛推广。尽管如此，它在需要高精度太阳追踪的场合，仍具有很高的价值。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a1blh0w\" data-node-index=\"166\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（2）光电跟踪</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ioowkht\" data-node-index=\"167\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">光电跟踪系统是一种高度精确的监测技术,通常利用光敏电阻等元件测量太阳光的强度变化，如光敏电阻、硅光电池、光电管等，通过预设的曲线或模型计算出太阳的位置，当太阳位置发生变化时，偏差信号会根据光线的强弱而变化，控制单元接收到偏差信号后，被送往执行机构。执行机构根据控制信号进行相应的动作，调整太阳能电池板的角度，直至主光轴与太阳入射光线平行，确保太阳能电池板或光电探测器与太阳光线保持最佳对准，从而最大化能量收集效率。能对光照的变化进行实时反馈，但受环境光干扰较大，且在云雨天气下效果不佳，比较适合良好天气下的跟踪任务，但相对于视日运动轨迹成本较低，维护性好^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>19<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2jb4gdn\" data-node-index=\"168\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"19.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ik34ay2\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">19.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vrqo1d0\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统设计方案</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-78pgu8g\" data-node-index=\"169\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image8-20250913154614-6gfghsh.emf\" data-src=\"assets/image8-20250913154614-6gfghsh.emf\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-iilmdqy\" data-node-index=\"170\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kz5d23q\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u4sb553\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追踪原理图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lry0a70\" data-node-index=\"171\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本文通过对上述跟踪方案和安装方式进行总结分析和研究，发现它们各有优缺点，为了在控制成本的同时，尽可能提高太阳能电池板接收到的太阳辐射量，最大化提升发电效率，本系统采用了如图2-4 所示的基于光电跟踪技术的双轴太阳能自动追光系统。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8shx3fm\" data-node-index=\"172\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">为避免不必要的能源浪费，系统增加了时间模块，可以通过预设的时间区分白天和夜晚，以及控制太阳能追光系统的运行频率。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wmukhhr\" data-node-index=\"173\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">当时间到达白天设定值，系统自动启动光电追踪模式，以设定的频率进行运行，降低功耗的同时，确保太阳能电池板始终正对太阳，以便捕获最大量的太阳辐射。当时间到达夜晚设定值，系统则关闭自动追踪模式，并激活路灯照明功能，为周边道路提供必要的光亮。实现能源的最大化利用，避免不必要的浪费。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cnho0bf\" data-node-index=\"174\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"20.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zroq2v7\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">20.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xnxih4d\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">蓄电池管理部分</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-juww7el\" data-node-index=\"175\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">蓄电池在太阳能自动追光路灯系统的整体设计中，扮演着重要的角色，即储能部件，其主要负责在电能和化学能之间进行有效转换，将太阳转化的电能储存起来，用以路灯照明的供电补充。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y0fhegw\" data-node-index=\"176\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">但蓄电池的使用寿命与其他太阳能系统的部件寿命相比相对较短，铅酸蓄电池的使用寿命仅为2到3年，蓄电池的寿命成为了整个太阳能系统寿命的制约因素，为了延长整个系统的可靠性，必须要提高蓄电池的使用寿命。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-395s1gc\" data-node-index=\"177\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">精确的充电控制是延长蓄电池使用寿命和确保其最佳性能的关键技术，通过精细调整充电电流和电压来优化电池的充电过程，以延长电池的使用寿命并维持其最佳性能，以下是三种常用充电方式的介绍，恒流充电，恒压充电，阶段式充电。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a9bmo43\" data-node-index=\"178\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"21.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bmyq7gb\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">21.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q8qrjgd\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">恒流充电</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-uq30toz\" data-node-index=\"179\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image9-20250913154614-hgsws39.png\" data-src=\"assets/image9-20250913154614-hgsws39.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>恒流充电，主要优势在于能够提供稳定的充电电流，在电池电量较小时实现快速充电，可以快速补充电池电量，且其适用性广泛，包括铅酸电池、锂离子电池等。在串联电池组中，恒流充电有助于平衡各个电池单元的充电状态，避免因个别电池性能下降而导致的整个电池组性能降低。但是，电池在充电过程中的电压会逐渐升高，恒流充电在后期可能会导致电池电压超过其额定值，增加电池过充的风险，且恒流充电因为在电池接近充满时仍然维持较大电流，导致会在电池充电后期降低充电效率，整体充电效率不足 65%，且电池发热，影响电池的长期稳定性和寿命。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bampxi2\" data-node-index=\"180\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1xwflc6\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0op8psy\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">恒流/恒压充电原理图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-epm0mcq\" data-node-index=\"181\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z50kaf3\" data-node-index=\"182\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"22.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7i2agay\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">22.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9sne1s6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">恒压充电</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g7cem6a\" data-node-index=\"183\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">恒压充电，是以恒定的电压对蓄电池进行充电，在电池电压达到预设阈值后启动，维持一个固定的电压输出，其充电电流随着电池电量的增加而逐渐减小，直至电池充满。优点在于充电电流会自动减小，充电时间短，能耗较低，充电效率可达80%，适合在8小时内完成充电。恒压充电特别适用于光伏小系统，因为太阳能电池板提供的功率有限，无法产生较大的充电电流^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>20<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。恒压充电也存在一些缺点：当电池放电过深时，初期电流可能过大，危及充电控制器的安全并可能损坏电池；且当电池电压过低时，后期充电电流过小，导致充电时间过长，如果恒压充电电压设置不当，可能会影响电池性能和寿命。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q9si97x\" data-node-index=\"184\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"23.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xy9yu2b\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">23.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cdzgubl\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">阶段充电</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-h11b30p\" data-node-index=\"185\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">为了克服恒流充电和恒压充电各自面临的局限性，阶段充电法应运而生，该方法通过将两种充电模式相结合，提供了一种更为优化的电池充电策略。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dtusibb\" data-node-index=\"186\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">阶段充电法首先利用恒流充电来快速补充电池能量，避免了因电池电量低而可能产生的大电流冲击。随后，当电池电压达到预设的阈值时，系统自动切换到恒压充电模式，此时充电电流随着电池电量的增加而逐渐减小，直至电池完全充满^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>21<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。不仅避免了充电初期可能出现的高电流冲击，也防止了充电后期因高电压而导致的过充问题，从而有效延长了电池的使用寿命。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-12gwm0i\" data-node-index=\"187\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">且由于太阳能电池板的输出受日照强度和环境因素影响较大，阶段充电法能够灵活适应这些变化，确保蓄电池在不同的环境条件下都能以最优的方式充电。在日照充足时，太阳能电池板以最大电流对蓄电池进行充电，而在电压达到充电阈值后，则转为恒压充电，确保了充电的安全性和高效性，可以最大限度地提高太阳能电池板的充电效率，同时保护蓄电池，确保太阳能自动追光路灯系统的长期稳定运行，在太阳能自动追光路灯系统中，阶段充电法的应用对于蓄电池的使用寿命优化极为重要。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ys2qku5\" data-node-index=\"188\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"24.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zw7uupw\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">24.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-sou8ru4\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">路灯照明</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"25.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2cofz0m\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">25.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nb9k4bq\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">路灯的选择</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-01hjr7a\" data-node-index=\"189\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">路灯作为太阳能自动追光系统中的关键输出组件，其选择对整个系统的能耗有重大影响，目前常用的路灯有以下几种类型。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a71mull\" data-node-index=\"190\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（1）高压钠路灯是一种传统的路灯选项，以其出色的光效和较长的使用寿命而闻名。它们利用高压钠蒸汽放电产生光源，通常发出金黄色的光。光源在雾天或雨天，能够提供良好的照明效果，且维护成本较低</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q77rmkw\" data-node-index=\"191\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（2）LED路灯使用固态半导体技术，能够提供清晰、明亮的光线，且色温可调，从暖白光到冷日光。LED路灯易于集成智能控制系统，实现自动化调光、远程监控，从而进一步提高能效^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>22<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)和降低维护成本。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s0rt59a\" data-node-index=\"192\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（3）金属卤化物路灯通过金属卤化物气体放电产生光源，提供比高压钠灯更高的色温和更好的显色性。金属卤化物灯的光线接近自然光，是一种高性能的照明选项，能够更真实地呈现物体的颜色，适合商业区、城市广场和主要道路的照明。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-09ug38u\" data-node-index=\"193\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（4）节能灯路灯是白炽灯的替代品，提供更高效的照明解决方案。CFL路灯使用紧凑型荧光技术，与传统的白炽灯相比，能够显著降低能耗并提供更长的使用寿命。尽管CFL路灯在能效上优于白炽灯，但与LED路灯相比，它们的光效和寿命较低，且含有汞，需要妥善处理以避免环境风险</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mxjq8h0\" data-node-index=\"194\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">考虑到使用寿命，能效，和可维护性本文选择LED作为路灯的照明光源。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mqozoem\" data-node-index=\"195\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"26.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fgjdi45\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">26.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-te4d1q3\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本章小结</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cikutu1\" data-node-index=\"196\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在第二章中，阐述了基于单片机的太阳能自动追光路灯系统的设计，分析了太阳能资源的分布特性，确定了太阳能路灯系统设计需考虑的关键因素，包括安装方式和自动跟踪方式。利用单片机精确控制太阳能电池板的方位，以实时追踪太阳位置，最大化太阳能的捕获效率。同时，对蓄电池管理进行了深入讨论，介绍了如何通过阶段充电法来延长蓄电池的使用寿命，确保系统的稳定运行。在路灯照明设计方面，经过对不同类型路灯性能的比较分析，选择了LED作为照明光源，因其高能效、长寿命以及易于智能化控制的特点，为后续的硬件选型、软件编程和系统测试提供坚实的理论和实践基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kt9j2c6\" data-node-index=\"197\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">蓄电池管理系统，和路灯照明系统并非本论文的研究重点，我们将不会在下文中对这些进行深入的详细研究。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yds6um2\" data-node-index=\"198\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"27.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-scvjgkc\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">27.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jx6be2z\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追光系统硬件设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u5xu6v4\" data-node-index=\"199\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">上一章中，已经完成了本系统的基本原理的研究。本章即将步入全新的阶段，即太阳能追光系统路灯系统的硬件设计。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-on54vyv\" data-node-index=\"200\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">经过上文的研究分析，本文将太阳能自动追光路灯系统分成了多个模块的集成系统，主要由处理器模块、传感器模块、双旋转云台模块、驱动模块、显示模块、按键模块以及时间输入模块构成。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pqyekl3\" data-node-index=\"201\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">处理器模块作为系统的核心，负责处理传感器收集的数据并发出控制指令。传感器模块则通过检测太阳的位置信息，为系统提供实时的太阳位置数据。旋转云台模块由两个舵机控制，分别调整太阳能电池板的方位角和高度角，确保电池板始终正对太阳。显示模块则向操作者展示系统状态和参数信息。时间输入模块允许系统根据时间数据调整电池板的工作方式，以便在夜间停止追光。按键模块允许用户切换当前工作模式，通过手动调整太阳能电池板的方位角和高度角，便于调试和进行手动追光。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7oconpn\" data-node-index=\"202\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"28.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-li138y8\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">28.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yhx0oct\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">处理器模块</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"29.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-olrbykq\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">29.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jh07ezs\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">处理器的选取</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xvat5yi\" data-node-index=\"203\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">处理器在太阳能自动追光系统中发挥着核心作用，负责执行数据采集、处理以及发出控制指令等关键任务。合适的处理器能提升整个系统的性能，考虑到系统的响应速度和精确度，能效，经济性，兼容性和编程的便捷性，且由于太阳能追光系统对实时性的要求不高，且数据运算量较小，因此本文最终选择STM32F103C6T芯片作为系统的处理器。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-m4vvqv4\" data-node-index=\"204\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">STM32F103C6T是意法半导体推出的一款基于ARM Cortex-M3内核的32位微控制器，属于STM32F1系列。它以其72MHz的高运行频率和高性能处理能力而受到青睐。这款MCU配备了32KB的闪存和10KB的SRAM，支持2.0V至3.6V的工作电压，并采用TSSOP-20封装，适合紧凑型设计。它具备多功能的通用输入/输出（GPIO）引脚和丰富的外设，包括定时器、USART、I2C、SPI、UART通信接口以及ADC和DAC。STM32F103C6T还支持JTAG和SWD调试接口，便于程序开发和调试。工作温度范围为-40°C至+85°C，较于传统的51单片机而言，可以省去外置A/D转换器，同时获得更高的性能。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-65ldqf9\" data-node-index=\"205\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"30.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-3zz6gzk\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">30.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-n6koq5m\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">STM32最小系统</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2u873h0\" data-node-index=\"206\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image10-20250913154614-odamlqu.png\" data-src=\"assets/image10-20250913154614-odamlqu.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>本部分设计基于STM32F103C6T6芯片，涵盖了电源电路、串口下载电路、SWD下载电路、NRST复位电路和BOOT电路。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fzqdtzg\" data-node-index=\"207\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"31.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-68re5dl\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">31.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vy7j2ak\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电源电路</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wt3rnd7\" data-node-index=\"208\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image11-20250913154614-1v46fhl.png\" data-src=\"assets/image11-20250913154614-1v46fhl.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图示, 示意图 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>电源电路是系统正常运行的基础，负责为所有芯片和电路供电，使用AMS1117-3.3集成芯片，能够将系统提供的5V电压稳定地转换为STM32所需的3.3V工作电压。有效地减少能量损耗，提高系统的能效性。其电源电路如图3-1 所示</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1va895b\" data-node-index=\"209\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-tex383p\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lwzkhw6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">电源电路</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2uappaa\" data-node-index=\"210\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2vmwi3q\" data-node-index=\"211\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"32.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-tnmg758\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">32.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9y71m9c\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">系统GPIO接口分配</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4poxkmj\" data-node-index=\"212\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">在设计基于STM32F103C6T6芯片的系统时，合理分配GPIO接口是确保各个模块正常运行的关键。表3-1是系统中主要GPIO接口的分配方案及其对应的功能说明：</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5vrmnqi\" data-node-index=\"213\" data-type=\"NodeTable\" class=\"table\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"false\"><table contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><colgroup><col /><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>编号</th><th>GPIO接口</th><th>引脚功能说明</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>1</td><td>PA4-PA7</td><td>光照传感器</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>PB0-PB1</td><td>云台舵机</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>PB14-PB15</td><td>OLED显示</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>PB3-PB5</td><td>DS1302时钟</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>PC13-PC14</td><td>手动/自动切换</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>PA0,PA2</td><td>方位角手动</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>PA11-PA12</td><td>俯仰角手动</td></tr></tbody></table><div class=\"protyle-action__table\"><div class=\"table__resize\"></div><div class=\"table__select\"></div></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rtq6pwa\" data-node-index=\"214\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-r2coh40\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-91sbw2s\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image12-20250913154614-afua86a.png\" data-src=\"assets/image12-20250913154614-afua86a.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>GPIO接口分配表</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dbzj01i\" data-node-index=\"215\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lpzgvl4\" data-node-index=\"216\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-3gc180d\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-em0jqqh\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">STM32引脚定义</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kuefylv\" data-node-index=\"217\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6g0716t\" data-node-index=\"218\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"33.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ujte4h7\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">33.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mekmt6j\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器模块</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"34.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b7vp5hf\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">34.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-13i73vq\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器元件选取</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4epi9rz\" data-node-index=\"219\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器模块主要负责采集光照强度，其精度越高测量结果就会越准确，进行追光效果就会越理想。作为测量光照强度的关键组件，光敏传感器能够将接收到的光信号转换为电信号，从而实现对光照强度的测量。常见的光敏传感器包括光敏电阻、光电二极管、光电晶体管、（CMOS）图像传感器等。每种传感器都有其独特的特性和使用场景，光敏电阻就因其成本低廉和易于使用而广泛用于简单的光照检测；而光电二极管则以其快速响应和较高灵敏度适用于需要快速反应的场合；光电倍增管则因其极高的灵敏度，特别适合于低光照水平的检测。本文综合考虑了各个传感器的特性、系统整体的硬件成本以及设计指标，最终选择了光敏电阻作为该模块的传感器。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yn74pxn\" data-node-index=\"220\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"35.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fmo1h6e\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">35.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fzl2wi6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器模块安装位置</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pxx9ps5\" data-node-index=\"221\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image13-20250913154614-b63ljw0.png\" data-src=\"assets/image13-20250913154614-b63ljw0.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图示 中度可信度描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>光敏电阻基于内光电效应工作原理的，当暴露在光照下时，光子的能量被半导体材料中的电子吸收，激发电子从价带跃迁至导带，产生自由电子和空穴对。跃迁增加了半导体的电导率，导致光敏电阻的电阻值随着光照强度的增加而降低。光敏电阻对光照强度的响应通常呈线性关系，即光照强度越高，通过它的电流也越大，其能够精确地感应光线变化并产生相应的电流响应^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>23<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)，结合其特性，本文设计采用了四个光敏传感器，对四个位置进行光照强度的测量，如图3-1 所示光敏电阻传感器被均匀地布置在太阳能电池板的四个边缘的中心位置。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ju28qod\" data-node-index=\"222\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pl6qpkb\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-somihj7\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">光敏电阻安装位置示意图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-sdedf2h\" data-node-index=\"223\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器A和B以及传感器C和D构成了一个双轴太阳跟踪系统的传感器网络，用于监测太阳在天空中的方位角和高度角变化。传感器A和B专注于水平方向上的方位角监测，检测太阳相对于地平线的移动，控制跟踪系统能够调整设备的水平旋转。传感器C和D负责垂直方向上的高度角监测，跟踪太阳在天空中的垂直位置变化，跟踪系统进行方位角的旋转，以维持设备与太阳的对准。当太阳光垂直或接近垂直地照射到太阳能电池板上时，四个传感器的读数应该相等或非常接近，通过实时比较这四个传感器的测量结果的差值，并在一定范围内进行限制，当光敏传感器A,B 之间或光敏传感器C,D 之间达到足够的光照强度差值时，控制系统能够调整电池板的方向，以确保与太阳光线保持对齐。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yinnj76\" data-node-index=\"224\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"36.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-d2gn8pt\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">36.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-thizhop\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器模块电路设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-t2dfld1\" data-node-index=\"225\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image14-20250913154614-b5nl2bq.png\" data-src=\"assets/image14-20250913154614-b5nl2bq.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>将光敏电阻与标准电阻串联，形成一个传感器阵列。阵列通过5V电压供电，在光照作用下，光敏电阻的阻值会降低，导致与其串联的标准电阻两端的电压增加。根据串联分压原理，光照强度越大，通过光敏电阻的电流越大，与之串联的标准电阻上的电压降也越大。通过测量这些标准电阻两端的电压变化，能够判断各个传感器位置的光照强度的相对大小，具体电路设计如图3-2 所示</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a3phqvr\" data-node-index=\"226\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-as9w423\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5zk7vac\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">传感器电路</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nfnd65x\" data-node-index=\"227\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-j2aunsz\" data-node-index=\"228\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"37.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pu0n8qi\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">37.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4del7ai\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">旋转云台设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kczb1uk\" data-node-index=\"229\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">旋转云台设计对于提升太阳能接收效率至关重要。该系统由两个电机构成，它们协同工作以实现对太阳的精确追踪。方位角电机负责控制太阳能电池板沿水平方向的旋转，确保电池板能够跟随太阳从东到西的移动轨迹；而高度角电机则负责调整电池板的垂直倾斜度，以适应太阳在天空中的不同高度。两个电机的协同工作，使得太阳能电池板能够实时对准太阳，最大化捕获太阳能量，下面将对本模块的设计内容进行详细介绍。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zlmodyj\" data-node-index=\"230\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"38.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2ydj87r\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">38.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-opkgk0r\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">控制云台电机的选取</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rziscr3\" data-node-index=\"231\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">控制云台电机是太阳能自动追光系统中决定追踪太阳精确度和响应速度。本系统中选用了两个SG90舵机作为旋转云台的执行机构，SG90舵机能够在0到180度的范围内提供精确的角度控制，其易于安装，小巧轻便，不会给系统带来额外负担，能够快速响应控制指令，成本优势巨大和维护简单，且其驱动方式简单，与步进电机相比可以减少额外的驱动电路，进一步节约成本，使其非常适合追踪太阳在方位角和高<span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image15-20250913154614-c23grrj.png\" data-src=\"assets/image15-20250913154614-c23grrj.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图片包含 图示 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>度角上的变化，成为太阳能自动追光系统中理想的执行机构。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qitil5b\" data-node-index=\"232\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-25ia151\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jviuv6x\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">舵机驱动电路</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2l5vx15\" data-node-index=\"233\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4szdta9\" data-node-index=\"234\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"39.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zp42jlu\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">39.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ieescir\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">旋转云台设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-i9ldcwi\" data-node-index=\"235\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image16-20250913154614-fh3b888.png\" data-src=\"assets/image16-20250913154614-fh3b888.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>旋转云台的设计如图3-5 所示，其中A位置为太阳能电池板，B位置为调整高度角的步进电机，C位置为竖直支撑架，D位置为固定支撑架，E位置为调整方位角的步进电机。该旋转云台的工作过程如下：STM32处理器通过数据计算和分析后，由驱动模块调整云台中两个电机的位置，使太阳能电池板与太阳光的入射光线垂直，从而实现追踪太阳光的功能。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7xodt59\" data-node-index=\"236\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ppcf1mx\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b7t5z0v\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">旋转云台设计模型</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-agwehhd\" data-node-index=\"237\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ivhm42j\" data-node-index=\"238\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"40.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-naah00e\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">40.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-i8wu8xw\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">显示模块</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vkr0lfm\" data-node-index=\"239\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">显示模块主要负责显示太阳能追光过程中一些的关键信息，如系统时间，传感器所测量的光照强度值，以及系统当前的运行模式——自动或手动。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-744map2\" data-node-index=\"240\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e9bqsb1\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cuswoaz\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image17-20250913154614-avi3jy5.png\" data-src=\"assets/image17-20250913154614-avi3jy5.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>OLED 12864 显示电路原理图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q10h5kh\" data-node-index=\"241\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本模块选择OLED12864作为显示单元，该款小型OLED显示屏以其128像素×64像素的分辨率，结合自发光特性，提供了高对比度和出色的显示效果，尤其擅长展示纯净的黑色和复杂的图形或文字信息。OLED12864支持SPI和I2C等多种通信接口，其低功耗特性对于依赖电池供电的太阳能追光系统来说极为有利，有助于延长设备的使用时间和减少能源消耗。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kndgbwb\" data-node-index=\"242\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"41.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-27ulplr\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">41.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zael5nu\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">时钟模块</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k99h874\" data-node-index=\"243\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image18-20250913154614-jsd6piy.png\" data-src=\"assets/image18-20250913154614-jsd6piy.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>时钟模块在太阳能追踪系统中提供精确的时间信息，确保系统能够准确判断太阳的位置和运动。其主要功能是为系统提供实时时钟（RTC），以便系统能够确定当前的时间，从而判断是否需要启动自动追光模式。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z0fl08f\" data-node-index=\"244\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lupikll\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-diu9cfb\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">时钟模块硬件原理图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kq24a3a\" data-node-index=\"245\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本模块选取DS1302为时钟模,DS1302是一款由Dallas Semiconductor生产的低功耗、串行实时时钟（RTC）芯片，它为电子设备提供了精确的时间保持功能。这款芯片通过SPI接口与微控制器或其他系统组件通信，支持秒、分、时、日、星期、月和年的时间信息，同时具备闰年自动补偿功能^(<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>24<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>)。DS1302的非易失性存储保证了即使在电源关闭时，时间数据也不会丢失，确保太阳能追踪系统的可靠性。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k9idq8c\" data-node-index=\"246\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"42.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qjzscqu\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">42.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0lsvdbg\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">模式切换及手动控制电路</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vu43keh\" data-node-index=\"247\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image19-20250913154614-b8x5osv.png\" data-src=\"assets/image19-20250913154614-b8x5osv.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图示 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154716-xwapuu8\" data-node-index=\"248\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154716\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">为了防止太阳能自动追光系统出现宕机、失控等故障，影响其追踪太阳的功能，同时为了便于系统演示和教学，本文设计模式切换电路。允许系统在自动模式和手动模式之间进行切换，确保了在紧急情况下可以 进行手动控制。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ssjqsjx\" data-node-index=\"249\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jsl074k\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z5n7sn8\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">按键原理图</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dbwmde5\" data-node-index=\"250\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">模式切换电路，通过K1和K2按键允许系统在自动模式和手动模式之间进行灵活切换。在自动模式下，系统利用精确的时钟模块和光照传感器模块，自动调整太阳能电池板以追踪太阳，实现高效能量收集。而在手动模式下，通过K5-K8方向操作按键，操作者可以直接控制方位角电机和高度角电机，手动调整太阳能板的角度，以适应太阳位置的变化或进行精确对准，满足紧急操作或演示教学的需求。系统当前的控制模式会在OLED显示屏幕上以0（自动模式）和1（手动模式）直观显示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zq1ofk9\" data-node-index=\"251\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"43.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-73qrhqe\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">43.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kg092hn\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本章小结</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ggshbfx\" data-node-index=\"252\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本章全面而详细地阐述了太阳能自动追光系统的硬件电路设计。从整体设计方案的制定，到各个关键模块的精心选择与设计，每一环节都体现了对系统性能、稳定性和用户操作便利性的深思熟虑。处理器模块选择了性能强劲且资源丰富的STM32F103C6T微控制器作为核心，构建了包含电源、时钟和复位电路在内的最小系统，保证了系统的稳定运行和高效处理能力。传感器模块采用了光敏电阻，通过巧妙的电路设计，实现了对光照强度的精确测量，并通过四个传感器的布局，实现了对太阳位置的全方位捕捉。旋转云台设计通过两个电机的协同工作，确保太阳能电池板能够实时精确地对准太阳，最大化太阳能的捕获效率。显示模块选用了OLED12864显示屏，以其高对比度和低功耗特性，为操作者提供了清晰的系统状态和参数信息展示。模式切换及手动控制电路的设计，使得系统在自动和手动模式之间可以灵活切换，增强了系统的可靠性和演示的便利性。时钟模块采用DS1302，为系统提供了精确的时间信息，使得自动追光功能可以根据时间自动启动或停止。整体而言，本章的设计内容不仅关注了硬件的性能和成本效益，还特别强调了系统的易用性和可维护性，为太阳能自动追光系统的实际应用和推广奠定了基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jcwzuj2\" data-node-index=\"253\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image20-20250913154614-hpm65wz.jpeg\" data-src=\"assets/image20-20250913154614-hpm65wz.jpeg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图示, 示意图 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-50298wo\" data-node-index=\"254\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光路灯系统软件设计及其仿真</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nh98rqw\" data-node-index=\"255\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"44.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-eb7zp5z\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">44.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-3ibwhrn\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">系统软件总体设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xrlfyi4\" data-node-index=\"256\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本节将详细讲解太阳能追光系统软件设计过程，软件设计过程主要基于单片机芯片STM32F103C6T6来实现自动跟踪功能，采用光电跟踪方式确保太阳能电池板能够高效地对准太阳。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-c75hagn\" data-node-index=\"257\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">系统软件控制策略为：当系统上电后，先进行系统的初始化过程，接着系统判断是白天还是夜晚，若为夜晚，则系统停止追光；若为白天，则启动光电追踪模式。若是手动按钮被按下，则切换到手动控制模式，使用手动控制按钮调整太阳能板方向，系统程序流程图如图4-1 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jrcqphs\" data-node-index=\"258\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image21-20250913154614-iblcozm.emf\" data-src=\"assets/image21-20250913154614-iblcozm.emf\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-buovd15\" data-node-index=\"259\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-iibx1v2\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2fgzk8r\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">追光方案流程设计</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-pgfw6dx\" data-node-index=\"260\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本系统上电后首先执行单片机复位和系统初始化，确保从稳定状态启动，并默认进入自动追踪模式。内嵌的时间模块DS1302用于自动获取当前时间，并与预设的日照时间区间相比较，智能判断是否启动自动追踪。在日照时间内，系统激活光电追踪模式后，利用布置在太阳能电池板四边的光电检测单元进行太阳位置的实时定位，并将信号传输至单片机进行逻辑处理，然后输出精确的控制信号至舵机，驱动高度角和方位角舵机转动，调整电池板至最佳接收太阳辐射的角度，完成自动追踪任务。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-v7a4lm0\" data-node-index=\"261\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">当系统处于非日照时间或自动追踪不可用时，系统可以选择手动模式，通过方向按键直接控制SG90舵机，手动调整电池板角度，以实现精确的手动跟踪。无论是自动还是手动模式，系统都旨在优化太阳能电池板的接收效率，确保太阳能资源的有效捕捉和利用。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1t0tkn1\" data-node-index=\"262\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"45.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qg9j7q8\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">45.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ji0eg68\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">开发软件介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"46.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wka0erx\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">46.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yjtk118\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">STM32CubeMX介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jajjarh\" data-node-index=\"263\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image22-20250913154614-a4a5qbg.png\" data-src=\"assets/image22-20250913154614-a4a5qbg.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图形用户界面 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span> STM32CubeMX是STMicroelectronics开发的一款功能强大的图形化配置工具，专为STM32系列微控制器的初始化配置和代码生成而设计。它通过一个用户友好的图形界面，使开发者能够轻松设置微控制器的各种参数和外设配置，而无需手动编写复杂的初始化代码。STM32CubeMX支持广泛的STM32产品线，允许用户定制时钟树、配置外设，并集成多种中间件组件，从而简化了项目设置和开发流程，允许开发者以图形化的方式对微控制器的时钟、外设、中断和内存等进行配置，而无需深入底层细节。用户可以通过简单的点击和拖拽操作，选择所需的外设和相应配置，STM32CubeMX会自动生成所需的初始化代码。该工具还能自动生成适用于多种集成开发环境（IDE）的初始化代码，如下面介绍的Keil MDK。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nxhe9u9\" data-node-index=\"264\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-icsliyy\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9q4z8uo\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">STM32CubeMX界面</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xc9w9w8\" data-node-index=\"265\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-987c4xq\" data-node-index=\"266\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"47.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-72q4gus\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">47.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-30ejlof\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Keil uVision 5介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9p2w6je\" data-node-index=\"267\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Keil 是目前最流行嵌入式领域的编程软件，由美国 Keil Software 公司研发。Keil Software公司开发的Keil uVision是一款在嵌入式系统开发领域内极具影响力的集成开发环境（IDE），尤其针对基于ARM架构的微控制器具有广泛的应用。它通过提供一套全面的开发工具，包括多语言支持的编辑器、高效的编译器、强大的调试器、项目管理器、性能分析器以及与多种硬件仿真器的兼容性，极大地简化了从编程到调试的整个开发流程。Keil uVision以其用户友好的界面、丰富的功能和强大的性能，成为了全球开发者的首选工具之一，广泛应用于自动化、消费电子、医疗设备、汽车电子等多个行业。本设计采用Keil uVision 5 进行程序的编写，其操作界面简洁友好，具体开发界面如下图 4-2 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vi93hxl\" data-node-index=\"268\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image23-20250913154614-3b7zfsl.png\" data-src=\"assets/image23-20250913154614-3b7zfsl.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"文本, 应用程序 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rnczowb\" data-node-index=\"269\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-59fekry\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cwcu4x7\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Keil uVision 5界面</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ni4o542\" data-node-index=\"270\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-3g11mt2\" data-node-index=\"271\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"48.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kdtzac1\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">48.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-i74i4hi\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Proteus介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-17y7gb8\" data-node-index=\"272\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Proteus是一款综合性的电路仿真软件，它为电子设计自动化(EDA)领域提供了一整套从概念验证到产品实现的解决方案。软件以其强大的仿真引擎，支持广泛的微控制器型号，允许工程师和学生在虚拟环境中测试和验证电路设计，包括模拟电路、数字电路以及它们的混合设计。Proteus具备直观的3D可视化功能，使用户能够以三维视图观察和分析电路板设计，同时提供了丰富的虚拟仪器和传感器模型，增强了仿真的真实性。Proteus还支持PCB设计，使得设计者可以无缝地从电路设计过渡到PCB布局，以及实时仿真功能，模拟电路在动态条件下的行为。软件的兼容性和用户社区也为用户提供了额外的支持和资源共享平台。Proteus的易用性和功能性使其成为教育和工业界电子设计和仿真的首选工具之一，本文将使用其进行系统仿真和调试，具<span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image24-20250913154614-hwort3t.png\" data-src=\"assets/image24-20250913154614-hwort3t.png\" loading=\"lazy\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>体开发界面如下图 4-2 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ktkrsvq\" data-node-index=\"273\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-27gf8zr\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hekb2mx\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Proteus界面</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rhvfpqe\" data-node-index=\"274\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-l5qqkv2\" data-node-index=\"275\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"49.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qmj7ss6\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">49.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mn4aog6\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">软件开发流程介绍</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4hgpuip\" data-node-index=\"276\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">软件设计的开发流程开始于STM32CubeMX软件，使用该软件用于创建基于STM32F103C6T6A微控制器的新工程项目。开发者首先在STM32CubeMX中设置项目参数，包括时钟频率设定为72MHz，以匹配微控制器的最大工作频率。之后，在Project Manager中配置项目名称、保存位置、选择编程IDE（如Keil MDK-ARM）及其版本，并确保设置生成.c和.h文件。完成配置后，生成初始代码框架。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e1cuvh9\" data-node-index=\"277\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">随后，使用Keil uVision 5打开生成的project.uvprojx文件，进行程序代码的具体编写。代码编写完成后，进行编译，确保代码无误且可以正确编译生成固件。编译成功后，生成的.hex文件用于仿真调试，通过Proteus软件实现，软件导入.hex文件以模拟微控制器的运行环境，从而在没有实际硬件的情况下测试代码逻辑。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b4a67ff\" data-node-index=\"278\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"50.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mh77zcc\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">50.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-arnk95m\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">程序代码</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-marker=\"51.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rfm677n\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">51.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-srxo5fm\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">主函数程序</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ocxqmdv\" data-node-index=\"279\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本函数的作用作用是初始化各种外设并不断监测和相关信息。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oaspjs3\" data-node-index=\"280\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">int main(void)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-22n5ish\" data-node-index=\"281\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ta6d8x8\" data-node-index=\"282\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">HAL_Init();</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k4f8oe6\" data-node-index=\"283\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">SystemClock_Config(); //配置系统时钟</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fdqveoe\" data-node-index=\"284\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">MX_GPIO_Init(); //初始化通用输入输出（GPIO）</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mxjlw6u\" data-node-index=\"285\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">MX_ADC1_Init(); //初始化模数转换器（ADC）</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lx4r0s1\" data-node-index=\"286\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">MX_TIM1_Init(); //初始化定时器1（TIM1）</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qyu8rn6\" data-node-index=\"287\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">MX_TIM3_Init(); //初始化定时器3（TIM3）</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oq8pxxo\" data-node-index=\"288\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim1); //启动定时器1</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-anhiyv0\" data-node-index=\"289\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_3); //启动定时器3的通道3作为脉冲宽度调制（PWM）输出。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jxy13kq\" data-node-index=\"290\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_4); //启动定时器3的通道4作为PWM输出。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-79kvfpc\" data-node-index=\"291\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">OLED_Init(); //OLED初始化</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rpwvawk\" data-node-index=\"292\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">OLED_Clear(); //OLED清屏</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-odmau89\" data-node-index=\"293\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">DS1302_GPIO_Init(); //时钟模块初始化</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mi3tuw4\" data-node-index=\"294\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">while (1)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dka40x0\" data-node-index=\"295\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4eolgse\" data-node-index=\"296\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Monitor_function(); //监测函数</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rzug237\" data-node-index=\"297\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Display_function(); //显示函数</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dcv1p6i\" data-node-index=\"298\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ubgvjqd\" data-node-index=\"299\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">};</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hn9w0hi\" data-node-index=\"300\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"52.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qbll4br\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">52.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-10gdly2\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">数据采集函数</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jc4y5o4\" data-node-index=\"301\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本函数的作用作用是获取当前时间和各个通道的ADC值，并将ADC值转换为对应的电压值化。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dcgdymk\" data-node-index=\"302\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">void Monitor_function(void)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-uceqpnh\" data-node-index=\"303\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-srq8yzk\" data-node-index=\"304\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">uint8_t i;</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-azd464y\" data-node-index=\"305\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Ds1302ReadTime(); //读取时间</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4yp8ewq\" data-node-index=\"306\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">hour = TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>2<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/0x10<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>10 + TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>2<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>%0x10; //小时</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-l0q4dxx\" data-node-index=\"307\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">minute = TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>1<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/0x10<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>10 + TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>1<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>%0x10; // 分钟</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lyxh3fu\" data-node-index=\"308\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">sec = TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>0<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/0x10<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>10 + TIME<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>0<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>%0x10; //秒</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b6p7cpz\" data-node-index=\"309\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">for(i=0;i<span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span>5;i++)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4u7veya\" data-node-index=\"310\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{ // 获取几个通道中的adc值，并处理成电压值</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7u7kpkm\" data-node-index=\"311\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>i<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>=dong_get_adc();</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9sy12om\" data-node-index=\"312\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8a5zahb\" data-node-index=\"313\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">Voltage=adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>0<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/4095.00<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>50; //太阳能板压</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4ffr0zy\" data-node-index=\"314\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">down = adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>3<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/4095.00<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>50 ; //下</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dbggnpk\" data-node-index=\"315\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">left = adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>1<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/4095.00<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>50; //左</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zh7p4yv\" data-node-index=\"316\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">right = adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>2<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/4095.00<span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>50; //右</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xzjzahy\" data-node-index=\"317\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">up = adc_buf<span data-type=\"backslash\">[</span>4<span data-type=\"backslash\">]</span>/4095 <span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>50; //上</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9apcpji\" data-node-index=\"318\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6eqdjqi\" data-node-index=\"319\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"53.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-26qvarf\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">53.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8usvtut\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">追光函数</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-chyrfjl\" data-node-index=\"320\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本段代码实现功能介绍，如果满足条件 key_num 等于0 且当前时间在10点到18点之间，会根据光照强度的差值来控制两个舵机的角度，实现太阳能板的上下和左右转动。如果上面的光照强度大于下面的光照强度且差值大于2，太阳能板会向上转；如果下面的光照强度大于上面的光照强度且差值大于2，太阳能板会向下转；同理，左右两边的光照强度也会影响太阳能板的左右转动。如果条件不满足，且 key_num 等于1，表示手动控制模式，根据按键 K3、K4、K5、K6 的来控制两个舵机的角度，实现手动调节太阳能板的角度。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jbh1os6\" data-node-index=\"321\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef <span data-type=\"backslash\">*</span>htim)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qyzlvt7\" data-node-index=\"322\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dcnzxlw\" data-node-index=\"323\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(htim-<span data-type=\"backslash\">></span>Instance == htim1.Instance) //定时器1触发中断</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ewxy4ix\" data-node-index=\"324\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-daepyhx\" data-node-index=\"325\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"backslash\">_</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">_</span>HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_3,SG90_angle1); //上下舵机的角度控制</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-np65atl\" data-node-index=\"326\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span data-type=\"backslash\">_</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">_</span>HAL_TIM_SET_COMPARE(&htim3,TIM_CHANNEL_4,SG90_angle2); //左右舵机的角度控制</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fguyhzn\" data-node-index=\"327\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">// && hour<span data-type=\"backslash\">></span>=10 && hour<span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span>=18</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s61fwoh\" data-node-index=\"328\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(key_num == 0 && hour<span data-type=\"backslash\">></span>=10 && hour<span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span>=18 )</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hs6i7yu\" data-node-index=\"329\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ciyx6ca\" data-node-index=\"330\" data-type=\"NodeBlockquote\" class=\"bq\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2w3tjv5\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if( minute == 0 <span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span> minute == 15 <span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span> minute == 30 <span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span> minute == 45 <span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span><span data-type=\"backslash\">|</span> minute == 03 )</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-f1my1kz\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{ //每15分钟执行一下</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6ef6628\" data-node-index=\"331\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">//上下</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k7r0nms\" data-node-index=\"332\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(up <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> down)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-m94kpx5\" data-node-index=\"333\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u84hy54\" data-node-index=\"334\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if((up - down) <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 20) //上面的光照强度大于下面的光照强度且差值大于20，太阳能板向上转</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yq6qv2v\" data-node-index=\"335\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0ul4m28\" data-node-index=\"336\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(SG90_angle1 <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 500)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mce4hny\" data-node-index=\"337\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">delay_us(20000);</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-fap8jeb\" data-node-index=\"338\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">SG90_angle1--;</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-de1nfab\" data-node-index=\"339\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-j9q01gl\" data-node-index=\"340\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-n8lm125\" data-node-index=\"341\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">else if(up <span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span> down)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4uwsp2u\" data-node-index=\"342\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-16o9hhf\" data-node-index=\"343\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if((down - up) <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 20) //下面的光照强度大于上面的光照强度且差值大于20，太阳能板向下转</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2j2ruvo\" data-node-index=\"344\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u6rgf6f\" data-node-index=\"345\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(SG90_angle1 <span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span> 1500)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-k2bolep\" data-node-index=\"346\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">SG90_angle1++;</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jsa7x66\" data-node-index=\"347\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z7ojhdv\" data-node-index=\"348\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-w8p2c57\" data-node-index=\"349\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">//左右</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-rsaq03h\" data-node-index=\"350\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(left <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> right)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bsdx5q9\" data-node-index=\"351\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4f3fwv1\" data-node-index=\"352\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if((left - right) <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 20) //左边的光照强度大于右边的光照强度且差值大于20，太阳能板向左转</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7yymnqr\" data-node-index=\"353\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7o4qwvg\" data-node-index=\"354\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(SG90_angle2 <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 500)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2irpcfp\" data-node-index=\"355\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">SG90_angle2--;</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bjni556\" data-node-index=\"356\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kxujs3h\" data-node-index=\"357\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0812frr\" data-node-index=\"358\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">else if(left <span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span> right)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-n3tjxdm\" data-node-index=\"359\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-44ar2cc\" data-node-index=\"360\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if((right - left) <span data-type=\"backslash\">></span> 20) //右边的光照强度大于左边的光照强度且差值大于20，太阳能板向右转</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-mdfugp9\" data-node-index=\"361\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nsnik1t\" data-node-index=\"362\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(SG90_angle2 <span data-type=\"backslash\"><</span> 2500)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oxbeach\" data-node-index=\"363\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">SG90_angle2++;</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-kmxvtb6\" data-node-index=\"364\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yckn2cc\" data-node-index=\"365\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-h60rxte\" data-node-index=\"366\" data-type=\"NodeBlockquote\" class=\"bq\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a3ethzp\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u752um3\" data-node-index=\"367\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e5my6hc\" data-node-index=\"368\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">else if(key_num == 1) //手动控制</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-b9k1bc2\" data-node-index=\"369\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-4hfqdem\" data-node-index=\"370\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K3 == 0){SG90_angle1--;};</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1l2dhd8\" data-node-index=\"371\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K4 == 0){SG90_angle1++;};</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-nvti2jh\" data-node-index=\"372\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K5 == 0){SG90_angle2--;};</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qm8zqhh\" data-node-index=\"373\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K6 == 0){SG90_angle2++;};</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-jw4sllq\" data-node-index=\"374\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9ms017p\" data-node-index=\"375\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-js2u4og\" data-node-index=\"376\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-81077ob\" data-node-index=\"377\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"54.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yndjp80\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">54.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vvxsijt\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">按键赋值函数</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-lar6ajs\" data-node-index=\"378\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本段代码是一个简单的键盘扫描函数，用于检测两个按键K1和K2是否被按下，作用是检测K1和K2按键的状态，并返回对应的键值。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-j1o1hpl\" data-node-index=\"379\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">uint8_t Chiclet_Keyboard_Scan(void)</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-y8kh49v\" data-node-index=\"380\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bvx6mtb\" data-node-index=\"381\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K1 == 0) //按键K1为低电平</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u4x6qsc\" data-node-index=\"382\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5f7prxu\" data-node-index=\"383\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> delay_us(2000); //2ms消抖</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-q1egdjs\" data-node-index=\"384\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> if(K1 == 0) //按键K1依然为低电平，此时确认是K1按下</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bwktkr9\" data-node-index=\"385\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> {</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-s02zhb6\" data-node-index=\"386\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> chiclet_keyboard_num = 1; //键值设置成1</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hlgnevy\" data-node-index=\"387\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> }</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-eclzy8y\" data-node-index=\"388\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> while(!K1); //while死循环，直到抬手跳出</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-wlvetwr\" data-node-index=\"389\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> return chiclet_keyboard_num; //返回键值</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-7sbgp31\" data-node-index=\"390\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-xkgxllq\" data-node-index=\"391\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">if(K2 == 0) //按键K2为低电平</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-r9b1uml\" data-node-index=\"392\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">{</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-vfnnwt9\" data-node-index=\"393\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> delay_us(2000); //2ms消抖</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-o54aujb\" data-node-index=\"394\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> if(K2 == 0) //按键K2依然为低电平，此时确认是K2按下</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ctvshvr\" data-node-index=\"395\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> {</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-99mjj8v\" data-node-index=\"396\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> chiclet_keyboard_num = 2; //键值设置成2</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-iay2anm\" data-node-index=\"397\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> }</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zmgu1j6\" data-node-index=\"398\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> while(!K2); </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-z6265ra\" data-node-index=\"399\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"> return chiclet_keyboard_num; //返回键值</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-0pf5ss9\" data-node-index=\"400\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-yrueyex\" data-node-index=\"401\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">return chiclet_keyboard_num; </div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-318kpip\" data-node-index=\"402\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">}</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-c4kdd7b\" data-node-index=\"403\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"55.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-l7huzqr\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">55.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ej8x76p\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能自动追光系统的仿真、调试</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-cmck922\" data-node-index=\"404\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">太阳能追踪系统的整体设计完成后，为了验证其可行性，本文利用PROTEUS软件进行电路的搭建和仿真调试。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-x02nhgd\" data-node-index=\"405\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">首先，将设计好的电路图导入PROTEUS软件，确保所有元器件和连接正确无误，并使用元器件库选择相应的元器件。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2tqu738\" data-node-index=\"406\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image25-20250913154614-21xnzac.png\" data-src=\"assets/image25-20250913154614-21xnzac.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"图表 描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>本次设计的跟踪系统中，所涉及的元器件主要包括：单片机（STM32F103C6T6）、电容（CAP）、电阻（RES）、模拟路灯（LED）、晶振(CRYSTAL)、按钮 (BUTTON)、光敏电阻(LDR)、OLED显示（OLED12864I2C）、时间芯片（DS1302）、舵机（MOTOTR-PWMservo）等。在进行元件搜索后，查找拾取完毕，将元器件添加到主窗口中，修改各元器件参数，并根据设计原理图进行线路连接。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oq90rfq\" data-node-index=\"407\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">将用于控制系统逻辑的软件代码，导入PROTEUS中模拟STM32芯片的运行，确保代码中对各个GPIO引脚的配置和控制逻辑正确无误，并启动仿真功能。如图 5-3 所示，进行仿真与调试。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-g1u2vxs\" data-node-index=\"408\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\"><span contenteditable=\"false\" data-type=\"img\" class=\"img\"><span> </span><span><span class=\"protyle-action protyle-icons\"><span class=\"protyle-icon protyle-icon--only\"><svg class=\"svg\"><use xlink:href=\"#iconMore\"></use></svg></span></span><img src=\"assets/image26-20250913154614-zcx3ewb.png\" data-src=\"assets/image26-20250913154614-zcx3ewb.png\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"电脑屏幕的照片上有文字 中度可信度描述已自动生成\" /><span class=\"protyle-action__drag\"></span><span class=\"protyle-action__title\"><span></span></span></span><span> </span></span>在系统启动时，首先根据当前时间决定LED路灯的状态和太阳能追光模式的启动情况。如果此时是白天，系统将默认关闭LED路灯，并启动太阳能自动追光模式；如果是夜晚，则打开LED路灯并关闭自动追光模式，LED路灯的启闭仅与系统时间有关，与自动追光模式无关。此外，手动追光模式不受时间影响。在自动追光模式下，OLED显示屏左上角的模式显示区域将显示为“0”；在手动模式下，则显示为“1”。通过这种设计，系统能够根据时间自动管理LED路灯和太阳能追光模式的启动情况，并在OLED显示屏上清晰显示当前模式，如图3-14 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qdicxiy\" data-node-index=\"409\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"1.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-a65roqu\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">1.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-oq53fqt\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">手动/自动追光显示对比</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-euiunm4\" data-node-index=\"410\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本次设计的太阳能自动追光系统采用光电跟踪模式，通过四象限光敏电阻如图3-15 （LDRTs）来实现对太阳方位的动态跟踪。光敏电阻根据接收到的光照强度变化其阻值，模拟太阳在天空中的运动。阻值变化送入单片机进行处理。单片机根据光敏电阻阻值的变化计算出太阳的当前位置，并发出相应的驱动指令，驱动电机旋转，如图3-16 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-puucmps\" data-node-index=\"411\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">[TABLE]</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-6j4p93d\" data-node-index=\"412\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">当按下手动按键后，系统会从自动模式切换到手动模式，此时OLED显示屏上的模式指示变为1，清晰地显示当前处于手动控制状态。可以通过“上”“下”按键来控制高度角电机，调整太阳能电池板的俯仰角度，以及使用“左”“右”按键控制方位角电机，改变电池板的水平方向。如图3-17，图3-18 所示。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-gtir9tv\" data-node-index=\"413\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">[TABLE]</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-om04b29\" data-node-index=\"414\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本次设计的太阳能自动追光系统经过程序编译、电路搭建和仿真测试等环节，成功实现了预定的动作要求，验证了设计的可行性和有效性。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-p2qozud\" data-node-index=\"415\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"56.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-14u8yq9\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">56.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-dutzpbl\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本章小结</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-r8r64jt\" data-node-index=\"416\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本章，深入探讨了太阳能自动追光路灯系统的软件设计，这是系统自动化运行的核心。本章首先阐述了系统软件设计的总体策略，包括系统初始化、时间判断以及自动与手动模式的切换逻辑，旨在确保系统能够根据日照情况智能启动或停止自动追光模式。我们介绍了STM32CubeMX这一强大的图形化配置工具，它极大地简化了微控制器参数设置和初始化代码的生成，提高了开发效率。同时，Keil uVision 5作为集成开发环境，在程序编写、编译和调试过程中发挥了关键作用，其用户友好的界面和丰富的功能为代码开发提供了便利。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qezmm13\" data-node-index=\"417\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">此外，Proteus软件在电路仿真和系统调试中扮演了重要角色，支持广泛的微控制器型号，允许开发者在虚拟环境中测试和验证电路设计。本章还详细介绍了程序代码的编写过程，包括驱动配置文件的导入、关键函数的定义、常用变量的设置，以及数据采集函数和追光函数的实现，这些代码共同工作以实现对太阳能电池板的精确控制。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-02mxm3r\" data-node-index=\"418\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">通过这些软件设计和实现，我们成功地将系统硬件与控制逻辑相结合，确保了太阳能自动追光系统能够高效地响应环境变化，并精确调整太阳能电池板的位置以最大化捕获太阳能。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-zfkkonb\" data-node-index=\"419\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">最终，本章通过仿真测试验证了软件设计的有效性，为太阳能自动追光路灯系统的实际部署和运行提供了坚实的软件基础。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-u0se4e0\" data-node-index=\"420\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"57.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-hgbkgiv\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">57.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-qrd0ya5\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">总结与展望</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-e83j4p0\" data-node-index=\"421\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本文根据当前路灯能源管理领域存在的挑战，融合了先进的太阳能自动追光发电技术，经过大量的调研，设计并实现了一款基于单片机的太阳能自动追光路灯系统，旨在提高太阳能的利用效率，降低能耗，并推动可再生能源技术的发展。系统综合运用了先进的硬件设计和软件编程技术，通过精确的太阳追踪算法，实现了对太阳能电池板的实时调整，以最大化捕获太阳辐射。在硬件方面，选用了高性能的STM32F103C6T单片机作为控制单元，并围绕其构建了最小系统，确保了系统的稳定运行。传感器模块采用光敏电阻，通过精心设计的电路，实现了对光照强度的精确测量。旋转云台的设计，通过两个电机的协同工作，确保太阳能电池板能够实时精确地对准太阳。软件设计方面，利用STM32CubeMX和Keil uVision 5等开发工具，编写了系统控制程序，并通过Proteus软件进行了电路仿真和系统调试，验证了设计的准确性和可靠性。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-1w6nbm7\" data-node-index=\"422\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">本文取得了以下的成果：</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-8zh67hb\" data-node-index=\"423\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">1、太阳能追光系统设采用光电追踪的计方案，并使用改进后的最大功率点算法调整云台的方向时刻保证太阳能电池板工作在最大功率点状态下。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-n3xafew\" data-node-index=\"424\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">2.进行硬件电路及软件程序的设计，包括控制单元、检测单元及驱动单元 等电路的设计和控制程序编写。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-ce3p5rt\" data-node-index=\"425\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">3.通过 PROTEUS 进行电路搭建，并结合 Keil 编写系统控制程序完成软件仿真。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-5f25shg\" data-node-index=\"426\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">展望未来，虽然本课题在光伏跟踪任务的完成上取得了显著的进展，并为提高光伏发电效率提供了有价值的参考，但仍有一些方面需要进一步的完善和深入探讨，未来的研究可以在以下几个方面进行深入：</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-9kvylr7\" data-node-index=\"427\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（1）如何优化系统结构设计，提高太阳能电池板的追踪精度和系统的稳定性。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-itsxfx9\" data-node-index=\"428\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（2）研究和开发适应极端天气条件的系统保护机制，增强系统的稳定性。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-sji54za\" data-node-index=\"429\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（3）探索成本效益更高的材料和技术，以降低系统成本，提高市场竞争力。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-2jl9856\" data-node-index=\"430\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">（4）针对大规模光伏电站的应用，研究系统的可扩展性和维护策略。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div><div data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-odpuy1u\" data-node-index=\"431\" data-type=\"NodeList\" class=\"list\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div data-marker=\"58.\" data-subtype=\"o\" data-node-id=\"20250913154614-aw1q92d\" data-type=\"NodeListItem\" class=\"li\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div class=\"protyle-action protyle-action--order\" contenteditable=\"false\" draggable=\"true\">58.</div><div data-node-id=\"20250913154614-bz5vqyu\" data-type=\"NodeParagraph\" class=\"p\" updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">参考文献</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" 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updated=\"20250913154614\"><div contenteditable=\"true\" spellcheck=\"true\">随着本毕业设计的完成，我心中充满了感激之情。我想对所有在这个学术旅程中给予我支持和帮助的人表达我最深切的感谢。首先，我必须向我的指导教师屈重年副教授表示最诚挚的感谢。屈老师不仅以其深厚的专业知识和精湛的技术指导我完成这个项目，而且他的耐心、洞察力和学术严谨性为我树立了一个学者的榜样。在遇到难题和挑战时，屈老师总是能够提供清晰的指导和鼓励，使我能够克服障碍，不断前进。我还要感谢天津职业技术师范大学机械工程学院，感谢他们提供的良好学习环境和丰富的学术资源。为我的毕业设计提供了坚实的基础。对我的同学们，我同样怀有深深的感激之情。他们在我需要帮助时伸出援手，与我分享知识，一起讨论问题，共同进步。我们的讨论和合作极大地丰富了我的学术视野和研究深度。此外，我要感谢我的家人，他们一直是我学习和研究的坚强后盾。他们对我的爱和支持是无条件的，无论我遇到怎样的困难和挑战，总是给予我最大的理解和鼓励。</div><div class=\"protyle-attr\" contenteditable=\"false\"></div></div>"} |